Assessing antioxidant activity of tea extracts and some of chemicals using voltammetry and potentiometry

The comparison of antioxidant activity of tea extracts and some chemicals was conducted by independent methods: voltammetry and potentiometry. Except for few cases, we showed satisfactory agreement between test substances activity rows obtained by two different methods. Mechanisms of antioxidative action were proposed. Presumably, sample components are involved in competing reactions like reduction-oxidation and complexation reactions. Limitations and advantages of both methods were defined

Electro-Fenton-like reactions of transition metal ions with electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide

We evaluated and compared the hydroxyl radical-generating ability of chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, lanthanum, and cerium ions when reacted with electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide by usage the voltammetry. There was reproduced an electro-Fenton-like reaction in electrochemical cell when metal salt added. The nature of metal ions determined the appearance and increasing of current of hydroxyl radicals cathodic reduction due to individual rate of the redox cycling of metal ions with ongoing cathodic regeneration of Fenton-active metal ions oxidation state. The approximated current magnitude growth in relation to metal ions concentration was calculated for each tested metal. It expressed in μA·ml·μmol−1 and is equal to HO•-generating ability of metal ions. Results are usable for improvement of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) through enhancement of exploitation of electro-Fenton-like processes with selecting metals that are more active. Besides, in accordance with concept of metal-induced hydroxyl radical stress in biological systems, the hydroxyl radical-generating ability of metal ions is equal to their pro-oxidant capacity

THE FAN THING AS THE MODUS OF SOCIAL INTEGRATION

The article on the basis of the network approach and the theory of flow reveals the essence fanatstva as a social phenomenon, dedicated ac-tors, acting within the fan-movements, actualized by the social roles of these actors and defined their resources. The authors believe that fan thing today is a powerful means of social integration and differentiation social communities and groups that are skillfully the manufacturers and the rul-ing elite.В статье на основе сетевого подхода и теории потока раскрывается сущность фанатства как социального явления, выделены акторы, действующие в рамках фан-движения, актуализированы социальные роли этих акторов и определены их ресурсы. Авторы полагают, что фанатство сегодня выступает мощным способом социальной интеграции, а также дифференциации социальных общностей и групп, которым умело пользуются производители и властвующие элиты

Studying germplasm collection accessions of naked oats

Background. The breeding value of accessions from the VIR collection can be estimated only under specific climate and soil conditions. Studying such accessions helps to include them in the breeding process.Materials and methods. Forty-two accessions of naked oats of various origin were studied at the FARC of the North-East. Biochemical analysis of grain and statistical data processing using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis techniques were carried out.Results. The accessions were divided into groups according to their ripening schedule: early (up to 80 days), medium (81–84 days), and mid-late (85–89 days). High yielding genotypes were identified in each ripeness group. The plant height depended on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season (r = 0.25). The studied accessions were all classified as undersized (64.0–99.1 cm), including the reference cv. ‘Vyatsky’ (88.1 cm). A significant contribution of some panicle productivity components to an increase in yield was observed. The protein and fat content in grain determines its nutritional and energy value. The results showed a positive relationship between yield and protein content (r = 0.44). A significant negative correlation between fat content and protein content (r = –0.61) was registered. The study of naked oat accessions showed different fat content in grain across the ripeness groups.Conclusion. According to the results of the study, some accessions were identified as sources of traits useful for breeding. The following accessions were selected as the best according to a set of characters (yield, plant height, number of grains per panicle, panicle weight, protein and fat content in grain): early ‘Litovsij nagij’ (k-15234, Lithuania), ‘Gkzalon’ (k-15299, Mongolia) and ‘MF9224-164’ (k-15090, USA); medium k-15248 (local, Poland) and MF9521-281 (k-15095, USA); and mid-late ‘Bai Yan 2’ (k-15525, China), ‘Progress’ (k-15339, Russia), ‘Visit’ (k-15501, Ukraine) and ‘Mina’ (k-15192, Bulgaria)

Creation of functional solid-state composites based on black peat

The paper presents investigations of composite materials based on black peats of Barabinskoe and Taganskoe deposits of the Tomsk region and carboxymethyl cellulose, both modified with iron (Ш) and copper (II) chloride solutions. In order to improve hydrophobic properties of compositions, optimum salt concentrations are detected. Water sorption and desorption isotherms are obtained for modified specimens. It is suggested to employ synthesized solid-state compositions as insulators in the capacity of both humidity controller and indoor-contaminant absorber

DNA markers in oat breeding for crown rust resistance (a review)

Crown rust is the most harmful disease of oat (Avena sativa L.) around the world. The purpose of this review is to analyze and generalize the available information about DNA markers developed for oat breeding for resistance to crown rust. The review reveals the mechanisms of the A. sativa resistance to the fungus Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Erikss. which causes crown rust disease. Special attention is paid to the race-specific resistance caused by the action of Pc genes and the nonspecific resistance controlled mainly by the loci of quantitative traits. Strategies for creating resistant genotypes and the role of molecular markers in oat breeding for crown rust resistance are discussed. Currently, research is focused mainly on the search for and development of molecular markers related to the oat race-specific resistance to P. coronata.The article presents the technological advantages and disadvantages of the existing DNA markers. KASP, TaqMan and HRM markers are currently the most promising technologies for identifying crown rust resistance genes. The validated SCAR and STS markers for the Pc39, Pc68, Pc91, Pc94 genes are recommended as the most available for implementation in practical oat breeding. The results of recent studies on identifying loci of nonspecific resistance to P. coronata are also presented. In general, the use of DNA markers has significant potential for creating oat genotypes resistant to crown rust under present-day conditions. DNA markers of various types are recommended for practical use, in particular for pyramiding genes and increasing the resistance period of new cultivars. Introduction of DNA markers into oat breeding will increase with the growth of molecular genetic data and the improvement of technologies for identifying genes and loci associated with both race-specific and nonspecific resistance of oat to P. coronata

Assessment of adaptability parameters in hulled oat germplasm accessions in terms of their yield in the environments of Kirov Province

Background. Studying the gene pool of a crop under specific soil and climate conditions makes it possible to predict the breeding value of germplasm, while its subsequent inclusion in the breeding process ensures the development of adaptable cultivars capable of implementing their productive potential in large-scale agriculture.Materials and methods. Stability (Si2) and plasticity (bi; PUSS), Ambient Condition Index (Ij), Homeostatic (Hom), Stress Resistance, and Stability Index (Is) were calculated for 12 hulled oat (Avena sativa L.) accessions at the FARC of North-East.Results. Accessions 2981 IG100720 (USA) and k-15293 BORYNA (Poland) showed the best stress resistance, while the highest genetic flexibility was observed in 2981 IG100720 (USA), 3007 IG100848 (Germany), 5330 СSI  590/05,  and k-15178 ‘Begunok’ (Russia). Sources of intensive-type hulled oats: k-15330 CSI 590/05 (Russia) (bi = 1.36)  and  k-15331 CSI 2167/03 (Russia) (bi = 1.60),  were  identified for their higher yield values: 856 and 889 g/m2 under improved growing conditions in 2017, and 365 and 285 g/m2 under dry conditions in 2016, respectively. Medium-intensive accessions k-15178 ‘Begunok’ (Russia) (bi = 1.07), and ‘Skrokolik’ (k-15321, Russia) (bi = 0.97) were identified for the best plasticity. The reference cv. ‘Krechet’ (Si2 = 0.06) demonstrated high yield stability.Conclusion. Sources were selected for hulled oat breeding: 2981 IG100720 (USA), 3007 IG100848 (Germany), and k-15293 BORYNA (Poland), with high stress resistance and plasticity, and plastic sources k-15178 ‘Begunok’ and k-15321 ‘Skrokolik’ (Russia), with stable high yield under varying environmental conditions

Search for Branons at LEP

We search, in the context of extra-dimension scenarios, for the possible existence of brane fluctuations, called branons. Events with a single photon or a single Z-boson and missing energy and momentum collected with the L3 detector in e^+ e^- collisions at centre-of-mass energies sqrt{s}=189-209$ GeV are analysed. No excess over the Standard Model expectations is found and a lower limit at 95% confidence level of 103 GeV is derived for the mass of branons, for a scenario with small brane tensions. Alternatively, under the assumption of a light branon, brane tensions below 180 GeV are excluded

Study of Spin and Decay-Plane Correlations of W Bosons in the e+e- -> W+W- Process at LEP

Data collected at LEP at centre-of-mass energies \sqrt(s) = 189 - 209 GeV are used to study correlations of the spin of W bosons using e+e- -> W+W- -> lnqq~ events. Spin correlations are favoured by data, and found to agree with the Standard Model predictions. In addition, correlations between the W-boson decay planes are studied in e+e- -> W+W- -> lnqq~ and e+e- -> W+W- -> qq~qq~ events. Decay-plane correlations, consistent with zero and with the Standard Model predictions, are measured

Гомеостаз собак при их кормлении сухим кормом промышленного производства и кормом домашнего приготовления

The work aimed to test a newly developed new formulation of domestic dry food for dogs. Some homeostasis indicators in dogs transferred from natural feeding to complete dry food were assessed. The studies were conducted on two groups of dogs kept by their owners in apartment conditions and on personal plots. Dogs of the 1st group (experimental) were transferred from feeding homemade food to industrially produced complete dry food. The diet of dogs in group 2 (control) did not change and still consisted of meat products, cereals and vegetables.Biomaterial for research (blood, faeces) was taken at the beginning of the experiment and after two months of controlled feeding. The bioelemental and biochemical composition of blood, haematological parameters and faecal microbiology were studied. The dogs' and general clinical conditions were assessed, including determination of live weight at the beginning and end of the two-month study. The results of the elemental analysis showed that two months after the transfer of dogs of the 1st group from the "natural" type of feeding to dry food in the blood of the animals, the concentration of arsenic, lead, strontium, chromium, iodine, selenium and zinc decreased, but the levels of lithium increased nickel and molybdenum. Of the biochemical and haematological parameters, AST, ALT, β-lipoproteins, amylase, lipase, total protein and haemoglobin increased statistically significantly, but alkaline phosphatase level decreased. In addition, switching dogs to dry food contributed to a decrease in 1 g of faeces in the concentration of E. coli with regular enzymatic activity, lactose-negative E. coli, microflora of the genus Proteus and yeast-like fungi. During the experimental period, animals of the 2nd (control) group showed an increase in the amount of microflora of the genus Protea and lactose-negative E. coli. In the intestines of dogs of both groups during the study period, an increase in coccal flora and a decrease in the number of E. coli hemolytic and E. aerogenes were observed.Цель работы состояла в испытании вновь разработанной новой рецептуры отечественного сухого корма для собак. Проведена  оценка некоторых показателей гомеостаза собак, переведенных с натурального типа кормления на полнорационный сухой корм. Исследования проводили на двух группах собак, содержавшихся их владельцами в квартирных условиях и на приусадебных участках. Собаки 1-й группы (опытной) были при этом переведены с кормления кормом домашнего приготовления на полнорационный сухой корм промышленного производства. Рацион собак 2-й группы (контрольной)  не менялся и по-прежнему состоял из мясопродуктов, каш и овощей. Биоматериал  для исследований (кровь, фекалии) брали в начале опыта и спустя два месяца контролируемого кормления. Изучали биоэлементный и биохимический состав крови, гематологические показатели и микробиологию кала. Оценивали кондиции собак, их общее клиническое состояние, включая определение живой массы в начале и по окончании двухмесячного исследования. Полученные результаты элементного анализа показали, что спустя два месяца после перевода собак 1-й группы с «натурального» типа кормления на сухой корм в крови животных снизилась концентрация мышьяка, свинца, стронция, хрома, йода, селена и цинка, но повысились уровни лития, никеля и молибдена. Из биохимических и гематологических показателей статистически значимо выросли AST, ALT, β-липопротеиды, амилаза, липаза, общий белок и гемоглобин, но снизился уровень щелочной фосфатазы. Кроме того, перевод собак на сухой корм способствовал снижению в 1 г фекалий концентрации E.coli с нормальной ферментативной активностью, лактозонегативной E.coli, микрофлоры рода протея и дрожжеподобных грибов. У животных 2-й (контрольной) группы за период опыта отмечен рост количества микрофлоры рода протея и лактозонегативной E.coli. В кишечнике собак обеих групп в исследуемый период наблюдалось увеличение кокковой флоры и снижение количества E.coli hemolytic и E.aerogenes.